1. B
The CBIS credential recognizes professionals with specialized knowledge in brain injury services and supports. It does not replace licensure or certify neurosurgeons.

2. A
Diffuse axonal injury most often results from rotational acceleration-deceleration forces seen in traumatic brain injury.

3. C
A coup-contrecoup injury involves damage at both the site of impact and the opposite side of the brain due to rebound forces.

4. B
Elevating the head of the bed and optimizing ventilation are first-line steps in reducing intracranial pressure.

5. C
A Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 9–12 indicates moderate traumatic brain injury.

6. C
Post-traumatic amnesia is the period when the patient cannot form continuous new memories.

7. B
Executive function deficits, such as poor planning, organization, and judgment, are common long-term consequences.

8. B
Speech-language pathologists help TBI patients with communication, speech, and swallowing.

9. C
Secondary injuries occur after the initial trauma, such as ischemia from cerebral hypoperfusion.

10. B
Community re-entry programs focus on returning individuals to social and vocational participation, not prolonging hospitalization.

11. B
Frontal lobe damage often results in impulsivity, disinhibition, and poor judgment.

12. A
Baclofen is a common medication for managing spasticity in TBI patients.

13. B
Pediatric TBI can disrupt developmental milestones and academic progress, even with neuroplasticity.

14. B
Structured routines and reducing overstimulation are effective for managing agitation.

15. C
Mild TBI (concussion) commonly presents with headache and brief loss of consciousness.

16. B
Families should be educated with realistic expectations and awareness of possible long-term support needs.

17. C
Neuroplasticity is the brain’s ability to reorganize and form new connections after injury.

18. A
Prolonged immobility can cause complications like pulmonary embolism.

19. A
Early return of pupillary reflexes and purposeful motor responses indicate a more favorable prognosis.

20. B
Cognitive rehabilitation therapy teaches strategies such as memory notebooks and electronic reminders.

21. C
Hypotension and hypoxia in the acute period worsen outcomes in severe TBI.

22. B
Limbic system injury often results in emotional lability, irritability, and behavioral changes.

23. B
Cognitive rehabilitation focuses on problem-solving, memory, and organizational skills.

24. B
A swallowing assessment by a speech-language pathologist is the most appropriate first intervention.

25. B
Falls are the leading cause of TBI in older adults.

26. B
A CT scan of the head is the best initial test for acute intracranial hemorrhage.

27. B
Vocational rehab must match tasks to the individual’s cognitive and physical abilities.

28. B
Stroke is a common cause of non-traumatic brain injury.

29. A
Temporal lobe injuries impair auditory processing and memory.

30. B
Unsafe behaviors such as unassisted transfers despite fall risk indicate poor safety awareness.

31. A
Post-concussive syndrome often includes headaches and difficulty concentrating.

32. B
The Rancho Los Amigos Scale measures levels of cognitive functioning after brain injury.

33. B
The cerebellum is responsible for balance and coordination.