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What is the basic building block of minerals?

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Minerals are composed of atoms arranged in a crystalline structure.

Which mineral group does quartz belong to?

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Quartz is part of the silicate mineral group.

What type of rock is formed from cooled magma or lava?

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Igneous rocks crystallize from molten material.

Which process transforms sedimentary or igneous rocks into metamorphic rocks?

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Metamorphism involves heat, pressure, and chemically active fluids.

What is the Mohs scale used for?

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The Mohs scale ranks minerals by hardness.

What characteristic is used to identify minerals besides hardness?

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Luster describes how light reflects from a mineral’s surface.

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Which mineral is known for its perfect cleavage and is commonly found in granite?

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Mica exhibits perfect cleavage and is a common mineral in granitic rocks.

What does porphyritic texture in igneous rocks indicate?

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Porphyritic texture indicates a two-stage cooling process with large crystals in a fine-grained matrix.

How are sedimentary rocks primarily formed?

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Sedimentary rocks form from compaction and cementation of sediments.