1. B
Explanation: The communicative approach emphasizes fluency and meaningful language use in authentic contexts.

2. C
Explanation: Adult TEFL curricula should prioritize learners’ practical and communicative needs over rote memorization.

3. C
Explanation: Formative assessment aims to guide learning and provide feedback for improvement, not ranking.

4. B
Explanation: Encouraging student-led activities reduces teacher talk and promotes interaction.

5. C
Explanation: Task-based learning uses real-world tasks, like trip planning, to practice target language naturally.

6. C
Explanation: Adults learn best when lessons connect to personal experiences and practical goals.

7. B
Explanation: Compliance requires adherence to accreditation, professional ethics, and educational standards.

8. B
Explanation: Multilingual and intercultural inclusion supports communication and respect in diverse classrooms.

9. A
Explanation: Curriculum alignment links objectives, assessments, and learning activities coherently.

10. B
Explanation: Mentoring is reflective and collaborative, not directive or punitive.

11. B
Explanation: Communicative competence is best measured through interactive assessments like role-plays.

12. B
Explanation: Needs analysis starts by identifying learners’ contexts, goals, and language applications.

13. C
Explanation: Authentic listening materials build comprehension by exposing students to natural speech.

14. B
Explanation: Backward design begins with identifying desired learning outcomes before planning instruction.

15. B
Explanation: Reflective mentoring uses questioning to help teachers analyze and improve their methods.

16. A
Explanation: Effective feedback is timely, targeted, and linked to learning goals.

17. B
Explanation: Simplified visuals and contextual cues support comprehension for low-literacy learners.

18. B
Explanation: Collaborative group work enhances communication and problem-solving skills.

19. B
Explanation: Rubrics make grading consistent and transparent, outlining measurable criteria.

20. B
Explanation: Multicultural integration ensures inclusivity and relevance for diverse learners.

21. B
Explanation: Adults are motivated by learning that connects to real-life relevance.

22. A
Explanation: Modeling exemplifies effective teaching practices through observational learning.

23. B
Explanation: Delayed correction allows fluency during communication and reflection afterward.

24. B
Explanation: Differentiation tailors learning experiences to student proficiency levels and preferences.

25. B
Explanation: Summative assessment measures total learning achievement after instruction.

26. B
Explanation: Sharing confidential data breaches ethical and legal standards.

27. B
Explanation: Flipped classrooms promote active in-class learning through pre-class content review.

28. B
Explanation: Growth mindset mentoring emphasizes resilience and constructive improvement.

29. A
Explanation: Transparent and continuous feedback ensures fair evaluation practices.

30. B
Explanation: Respect and collaboration foster engagement and adult learner autonomy.

31. A
Explanation: The affective filter theory posits that anxiety lowers language acquisition efficiency.

32. A
Explanation: Authentic resources expose learners to real-life language and culture.

33. B
Explanation: Productive skills involve speaking and writing activities like dialogues.

34. A
Explanation: Peer evaluation must be structured with clear, objective rubrics.

35. A
Explanation: Open-ended questions stimulate reasoning and critical language use.

36. A
Explanation: Technology integration should enhance, not replace, meaningful interaction.

37. A
Explanation: Teaching journals encourage self-reflection and improvement in practice.

38. A
Explanation: Regulatory compliance requires accurate recordkeeping and data ethics.